Agriculture is an important part of the economic development in the Black Sea and Danube region and the basin is home of one of the main global grain production areas as well as high-value crops such as vineyards, orchards and vegetable farming as well as livestock production. In parallel, intensive agriculture and deforestation often contribute to overexploitation of the soil, increase of soil erosion, subsequent sediment input and also have an influence on bed-load transport not only in the immediate area, but also far downstream until the river reaches the sea, the final sediment trap.  ​ As a consequence, soil degradation is accelerating, exacerbated by human activities such as the inappropriate management of arable land, grassland and forest land. Beside the agriculture priorities, ensuring sustainable use of forest resources is equally important for improving economic, social and environmental conditions in the region. Many countries are currently undergoing inventories of their forests and developing forest investment plans taking into account various public interests and support of forest reconstruction, afforestation, shelterbelt planting, as well as combating threats due to the increasing drought occurrence, forest fires and illegal deforestation is needed. ​ Therefore, the importance of harmonized monitoring and strategy for land management contributes to solutions for pressing environmental issues and works towards a sustainable future. Region wide continuous monitoring fosters further innovation in agriculture, forestry and rural areas enhancing the viability and competitiveness of all types of agriculture, and promoting innovative farm technologies and sustainable forest management and among others help to mitigate the impacts of natural disasters and climate change consequences (especially droughts and crop failure).